In cooperation with the non-profit organization Loono, we asked gynecologist MUDr. Veronika Frisová about the basics of gynecological examination; what to prepare for, how the examination proceeds, what is important to observe in terms of intimate hygiene, and how a gynecologist determines if we have a hormonal imbalance.
MUDr. Veronika Frisová, Ph.D. is a doctor in the field of gynecology and obstetrics, who, in addition to routine gynecological outpatient care, specializes primarily in the care of women of reproductive age. In the Czech Republic, she is one of the most recognized specialists in prenatal diagnostics of fetal defects during pregnancy; she is the only one in the Czech Republic to hold the "Diploma in Fetal Medicine," which globally brings together about 250 experts trained in top-level care related to the diagnosis of fetal defects and possibilities for their resolution. In addition to caring for pregnant women, MUDr. Veronika Frisová, Ph.D. has recently also focused on caring for women who have difficulty conceiving a baby. She performs consultations and tests that allow for the identification of the cause of infertility, thus helping women achieve their desired outcome. Thanks to her knowledge of ultrasound diagnostics and experience from ÚMPD Podolí and many years of experience from her practice, this doctor also provides high-level routine gynecological care.
In addition to her clinical work, Dr. Frisová regularly trains doctors in Czech and international courses, where she is invited as one of the main lecturers. Furthermore, she teaches and examines medical students at the Palacký University Faculty of Medicine in Olomouc. She also contributes to a number of international and domestic publications.
What gynecological preventive examinations should women have regularly?
If they are healthy and have no problems, they should have a preventive examination once a year, which consists of colposcopy (visual assessment of the cervix with a colposcope), cytology (smear of several cells on a slide), and palpation of the uterus and ovaries. These examinations are performed on a gynecological chair through the vagina. It is certainly appropriate to also perform a transvaginal ultrasound examination of the uterus, ovaries, and pelvic area, which is more accurate than palpation and effectively replaces it. In addition to these annual check-ups, HPV infection of the cervix is newly recommended at 35 and 45 years of age.
What do you recommend to women regarding intimate hygiene?
They should not wear synthetic underwear with lycra; ideally, they should wear panties made of pure cotton. For external intimate hygiene, they should use products for intimate hygiene with an optimal pH. Sometimes it is necessary to try several products before finding the right one. For first aid in case of a tendency to "sweat" and itchiness, it is also good to have vaginal douches at home, which can often prevent bigger problems like inflammation if used early. In case of recurrent vaginal infections, it is advisable to use vaginal tablets with lactobacilli preventively.
What causes painful menstruation?
Painful menstruation can be caused by female diseases such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory diseases (inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries), uterine fibroids, adhesions after surgeries or inflammations, or tumors. However, often such a cause is absent, and the pain is only related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, most commonly an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, increased contractility (contractions) of the uterine muscle during menstruation leading to its ischemia, or even a low pain threshold in the woman.
What are the symptoms of hormonal imbalance?
It depends on the type of hormonal imbalance. In the case of an imbalance of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone), symptoms include irregular menstruation, weight gain, acne, increased body hair, dry skin, hot flashes and sweating, increased irritability, and sleep disturbances.
In the case of thyroid disorders, symptoms include changes in weight, feeling cold or hot, fluctuating appetite, fatigue or excessive activity, sleep disturbances, rapid or slow pulse, swelling, dry skin, and hair loss.
Which hormones are most commonly imbalanced in women?
It depends on the woman's life stage; generally, estrogens, progesterone, and possibly testosterone (typically acne) tend to be imbalanced. Typically, most women experience changes during menopause and shortly (most often 10 years) before it – estrogen and progesterone concentrations decrease, and typical symptoms such as hot flashes, sweating, feeling cold, mood swings, dry skin, and weight gain begin. Thyroid disorders are also common in both women and men.
How can women prepare for a gynecological examination if they suspect a hormonal imbalance?
They should describe their problems and the regularity or irregularity of their menstrual cycle (ideally an overview for at least three months).
How does a gynecologist detect hormonal imbalance?
Based on clinical symptoms, the course of the menstrual cycle, and they can perform a blood test – a hormonal profile, ideally with blood drawn on day 3-5 of the cycle.
Femvie products that can help you
We have selected products related to this topic that can support your health:
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Frequently asked questions
How long does a normal period last?
A healthy period lasts 3 to 7 days. If you bleed longer or for a shorter period repeatedly, consult a gynecologist.
Why is menstruation painful?
Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins — substances that contract the uterine muscles. Magnesium, heat, exercise, or natural patches can help.
Are BIO pads and tampons safer?
Yes. BIO cotton products do not contain pesticides, plastics, or bleaching chemicals commonly found in conventional menstrual products.
What affects the regularity of the menstrual cycle?
Stress, diet, exercise, sleep, and hormonal balance — all these affect the length and regularity of the cycle. Tracking your cycle will help you identify patterns and any deviations.
