This article is based on current knowledge and the study by Professor Philippa Saunders (PhD, FMedSci, FRSE, FCOG ad eudem, 2025), which she shared as part of her study and a webinar we attended - "The Science of Endometriosis: Signs, Symptoms and Diagnostic Delays." It reveals often-overlooked symptoms of endometriosis, the biological mechanisms of the disease, and new possibilities for diagnosis and a holistic approach to treatment.
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Endometriosis is a systemic disease affecting over 190 million women worldwide. (1) It is among the most common conditions impacting women of reproductive age, and its symptoms can significantly impair quality of life. Despite this, it remains often misdiagnosed, underestimated, and misunderstood, even in advanced healthcare systems.
However, a new scientific study by Professor Philippa Saunders brings hope. It offers a new perspective not only on the pain associated with endometriosis but also on its diagnostic and treatment options. This could mark an important step toward changing the approach to this disease.
What is endometriosis and what are its forms?
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining (endometrium) is found outside the uterine cavity. This "displaced" tissue reacts to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, resulting in repeated inflammation, pain, and in some cases, damage to surrounding organs. (2)
Endometriosis can manifest in various ways. We distinguish three main types of lesions:
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Superficial peritoneal lesions – inflammatory or scarred areas on the peritoneum
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Endometriomas – blood-filled cysts on the ovaries, dubbed "chocolate cysts"
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Deep infiltrating endometriosis – lesions growing between organs such as the uterus, bladder, and intestines
In rare cases, lesions can also appear outside the pelvis – for example, on the diaphragm, in the lungs, on the skin, or even in the brain.
Not just a gynecological problem, but a neuroinflammatory condition
New scientific findings show that although endometriosis is closely linked to the female reproductive system, it is not just a gynecological disease. Endometriosis is a neuroinflammatory condition.
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Lesions create their own nerve endings
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Immune cells amplify painful signals
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Gradually, the transmission of pain is disrupted – so-called central sensitization
These findings help to clarify some symptoms – even those seemingly unrelated to the reproductive system. For example, it explains why:
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pain can be severe even with small or invisible lesions,
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symptoms such as fatigue, bloating, or problems similar to irritable bowel syndrome are common,
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pain becomes chronic and can affect brain function as well.
Why is pain not related to lesion size?
Many women hear the doctor say, "Everything is fine on the ultrasound." Yet they experience severe, debilitating pain. Newer studies show that the size or number of lesions does not necessarily correlate with the degree of pain.
While some women have extensive lesions and almost no symptoms, others may suffer significant symptoms even without detectable changes. Pain is influenced by a whole range of factors – inflammation, nerve growth, immune cell activity, hormonal sensitivity, and also other chronic conditions like migraines or IBS.
What can affect endometriosis symptoms? New data also points to the role of diet
One of the important conclusions of the latest British study, which included over 10,000 women, is growing evidence of the influence of dietary habits on endometriosis symptoms. The research showed that for many women, pain and fatigue worsen after consuming certain foods and beverages.
Key findings from the study:
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43% of women reported worsening symptoms after consuming gluten
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18% of women reported worsening symptoms after consuming dairy products
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13% after coffee
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12% after alcohol
These data do not mean that the above items cause endometriosis – but they suggest that they can exacerbate the symptoms of the disease in some patients. This again confirms that endometriosis is not a single disease, but a complex condition that progresses slightly differently in each woman. Therefore, it is crucial to seek individualized solutions – and also consider lifestyle and diet.
Prof. Saunders adds regarding the findings: “Women repeatedly tell us that dietary changes have helped them more than medication. It's time to listen to this form of experience as well.”
The study also points out that an important step could be the introduction of personalized nutritional recommendations as part of endometriosis treatment, instead of universal advice.
Current diagnosis and treatment and their limitations
Obtaining an endometriosis diagnosis and subsequent treatment recommendations can be a long process – on average, it takes up to 8 years. One of the main problems is the lack of reliable, non-invasive tests.
Current diagnostic methods include:
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laparoscopy – surgical procedure to confirm superficial lesions,
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ultrasound – detects ovarian cysts (endometriomas),
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MRI – used primarily for deep endometriosis.
However, none of these methods are sufficiently accurate. Scientific teams are therefore looking for new approaches, such as using artificial intelligence to detect biomarkers. However, no such tests have yet reached clinical practice.
Current basic approaches to endometriosis include hormonal treatment (e.g., contraception, hormonal IUDs). This form of treatment can sometimes relieve uncomfortable symptoms, but it is often incompatible with pregnancy plans. Another common method is surgical removal of endometriosis lesions. This can help some women, but like any surgery, it carries certain risks and does not guarantee that the disease will not return. Opioids are also prescribed to manage pain, but they carry a risk of addiction and side effects, such as increased fatigue.
What's next for us?
Scientific teams worldwide are working on more accurate diagnosis and more targeted treatment:
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Researchers are verifying a theory from a recent Japanese study about a possible link between a bacterium found in the uterus and the development of endometriosis.
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The drug Dichloroacetate (DCA), originally an oncology drug, is being tested. It could reduce inflammation in endometriosis lesions, normalize cellular metabolism, and inhibit lesion growth. The MACENDO clinical trial is also nearing completion, testing a new drug, Nibrosetone, for pain and lesion size.
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The use of PET-CT for mapping lesions throughout the body is being investigated.
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The results of a large British study on the effectiveness of surgical removal of superficial lesions are awaited.
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Research into the impact of intermittent fasting on pain and inflammation is being considered.
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The possibility of using migraine or IBS medications in selected groups of patients is being tested.
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The team is investigating the use of AI to find inflammatory markers and targeted treatments.
Can diet, supplements, and antioxidants also help?
Clinical studies suggest that some antioxidants may play an important role in reducing pain and inflammatory responses in women with endometriosis. Particularly promising results are emerging with vitamin E, often in combination with vitamin C.
In one randomized study by Akbari et al., 2012, women with endometriosis took high doses of vitamin E and C for 8 weeks. The results showed:
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a significant reduction in chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea,
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a decrease in levels of inflammatory markers in the body (e.g., CRP and malondialdehyde).
Similarly, the study by Santanam et al., 2013 confirmed that antioxidants such as vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can reduce oxidative stress and contribute to improving the quality of life for women with endometriosis.
Some studies suggest that long-term use of antioxidants can lead to a reduction in pain and inflammatory markers in women with endometriosis.
At Femvie, we recommend the Endo Complex Support, which was developed in the UK in collaboration with women's health experts with over 17 years of experience. It contains vitamin E in an absorbable natural form, as well as turmeric, zinc, iron, and NAC – substances that science and practice associate with a positive impact on women's health and hormonal balance.
This complex can be a valuable part of a holistic approach to endometriosis – especially if complemented by nutrition, exercise, nervous system regulation, and a supportive environment.
Let's change the approach to endometriosis
Endometriosis is chronic. It is systemic. And it requires a personal, multidisciplinary approach.
And that means, first and foremost, listening to women, even when examinations show nothing. It also means connecting gynecology with neurology, immunology, and holistic care. And for successful diagnosis and personalized treatment, digital tools and AI can be used.
Join the Femvie community
At Femvie, we continue to translate science into understandable language. Because every woman deserves to understand her body and be taken seriously. We stand by every woman who seeks relief, understanding, and strength on this journey.
📩 Do you want to join the Femvie community, become an ambassador, and share your story, offering support to other women? Join our group, connect on LinkedIn or write to us at poradna@femvie.com.
What else to read on Femspace?
- Hormonal contraception through the eyes of a woman with endometriosis
- Discomfort overlooked by companies: Why it's time to address menstrual pain in the workplace
- 8 myths and stereotypes about menstruation
- What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
- Your girlfriend got her period. What (not) to do?
- Menstrual symptoms you might not know about
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Sources:
- World Health Organization (WHO). Endometriosis Fact Sheet
- Saunders, P. T. K., Tapmeier, T. T., Greaves, E., et al. (2025). Experiences of Individuals With Endometriosis in the UK: A Cross-sectional Online Survey. JAMA Network Open, 8(4), e2831953.
Femvie products that can help you
We have selected products related to this topic that can support your health:
- 🌿 Endometriosis support complex — a specially formulated supplement for women with endometriosis
- 📖 Guide: Anti-inflammatory diet for endometriosis — 6 + 1 ways to naturally reduce pain through nutrition
- 💊 Magnesium — supports muscle relaxation and cramp relief
- 🩹 Menstrual patches — natural relief from painful menstruation
- 🎯 Endometriosis support package — a complete set for daily support
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know if I have endometriosis?
Endometriosis manifests as severe painful menstruation, pain during intercourse, fatigue, and digestive problems. The only way to definitively confirm it is laparoscopy. If the symptoms interfere with your daily life, consult a gynecologist.
How long does it take to get a diagnosis?
The average time from the first symptoms to a diagnosis of endometriosis in the Czech Republic is 7–10 years. Many women are long dismissed with the notion that painful menstruation is normal.
Can endometriosis be treated naturally?
Endometriosis cannot be completely cured, but symptoms can be naturally alleviated with an anti-inflammatory diet, dietary supplements, exercise, and stress reduction. Natural support does not replace medical care but can significantly improve quality of life.
Are organic menstrual products better for women with endometriosis?
Yes. Conventional tampons and pads can contain pesticides and chemicals that irritate sensitive tissue. Femvie's organic cotton products are certified and free of harmful substances.
